Mary Woods and Florence Hollis emphasize helping people cope with problems that cause personal suffering across which domains?

Mary Woods and Florence Hollis emphasize helping people cope with problems that cause personal suffering across which domains?

• A. Intrapsychic, interpersonal, and environmental
• B. Only intrapersonal domains
• C. Economic and political systems
• D. Religious and cultural beliefs

Answer: (A)

The concept being tested is a multi-level approach to addressing personal suffering, recognizing that issues arise and can be helped at internal, relational, and external levels. Mary Woods and Florence Hollis advocate working across three domains: intrapsychic, which covers internal thoughts, feelings, and self-concept; interpersonal, which involves relationships and social supports; and environmental, which includes the surrounding systems, resources, and conditions such as family dynamics, communities, and broader social or economic factors. This holistic view helps explain why interventions are most effective when they address not just what a person thinks or feels, but also how they relate to others and what external obstacles or supports exist in their environment. For example, someone dealing with a setback might benefit from strategies to improve self-efficacy (intrapsychic), enhanced connections with supportive people (interpersonal), and access to resources or policy changes that reduce barriers (environmental). The other options are too narrow, focusing only on internal processes or on environmental/economic factors without acknowledging the full range of domains that influence personal suffering.

The concept being tested is a multi-level approach to addressing personal suffering, recognizing that issues arise and can be helped at internal, relational, and external levels. Mary Woods and Florence Hollis advocate working across three domains: intrapsychic, which covers internal thoughts, feelings, and self-concept; interpersonal, which involves relationships and social supports; and environmental, which includes the surrounding systems, resources, and conditions such as family dynamics, communities, and broader social or economic factors.

This holistic view helps explain why interventions are most effective when they address not just what a person thinks or feels, but also how they relate to others and what external obstacles or supports exist in their environment. For example, someone dealing with a setback might benefit from strategies to improve self-efficacy (intrapsychic), enhanced connections with supportive people (interpersonal), and access to resources or policy changes that reduce barriers (environmental). The other options are too narrow, focusing only on internal processes or on environmental/economic factors without acknowledging the full range of domains that influence personal suffering.